The process of freeze drying or lyophilization involves removing water from a frozen sample under vacuum conditions. A first stage sublimation (primary drying) follows, followed by a second stage desorption (secondary drying). Water in ice form on frozen goods can be directly lyophilized into steam without melting in advance, thus the goods are dried. Once watered, frozen substances can be well-preserved for a long time and can be returned to their original state without losing their biochemical properties. It is especially suitable for bio-products sensitive to antibiotics, vaccines, blood products, enzymes, and hormones.
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